Informatics Publishing Limited

Kamlesh Prasad ¹, J. P. Shukla ²

Affiliations
1 RCVP Noronha Academy of Administration, Bhopal 462 016, IN
2 Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Bhopal 462 064, IN

Abstract

Groundwater (GW) vulnerability is foundation stone for evaluating the risk of GW contamination and developing management options to preserve the quality of GW. The concept of GW vulnerability is based on the assumption that the physical environment may provide some degree of protection for GW against human activities as well as natural contamination. The main objective of this study is to find out the GW vulnerable zones in Burhner watershed using the DRASTIC model in a geographical information system environment. Determination of DRASTIC index involves multiplying each parameter weight by its site rating and summing the total. On the basis of DRASTIC index values, a GW vulnerability map was prepared using Arc GIS 10 platform. Based on the results of the GW vulnerability assessment, the study area was divided into three zones: Low vulnerable zones ranging from 92 to 123 DRASTIC index with a geographical area of about 113.35 sq. km; moderate vulnerable zones ranging from 123 to 142 with 98.42 sq. km geographical area and high vulnerable zones with DRASTIC index ranging from 142 to 164 with 113.23 sq. km geographical area.

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Mohammad Subzar Malik ¹, J. P. Shukla ¹

Affiliations
1 Water Resource Management & Rural Technology Group, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal-462026, (M.P.), IN

Abstract

In the study mapping of Land surface temperature (LST) has been carried out using LANDSAT-8 data and ArcGIS techniques. LST have wide application viz; evapotranspiration, global climate change, hydrological cycle, vegetation monitoring, urban climate, land use/land cover mapping and environmental studies. An attempt has been made using LANDSAT-8 TIRS B10 (Thermal Band) to derive LST of different land cover surfaces of the study area. Various mathematical algorithms developed were used in processing of LANDSAT-8 data in ArcGIS software for deriving the LST from it. LANDSAT-8 satellite imagery Band 10 data, during 23 Jan. 2016, 08 Feb. 2016, 11 March 2016 and 12 April 2016 were processed for thermal analysis. LST maps have been prepared from it showing the spatial and temporal distribution of land surface temperature in the watershed. Furthermore, land use/land cover mapping (LU/LC) was carried using bands 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6 of the LANDSAT 8 data. LU/LC mapping done by supervised classification using the maximum likelihood classification algorithm of ArcGIS. Thermal data analysis has provided the surface temperature of each land cover units of every month. A Remarkable difference has been found in the temperatures of different land cover units like agricultural land, Built-up, bare and forest land. This difference is because of their different emissivity. Correlation plot has been made in between the atmospheric temperature and LST showing R²=0.92.

Keywords

Land Surface Temperature, Land Use/Land Cover Mapping, Thermal Mapping, LANDSAT-8, ArcGIS.

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K. P. Singh ¹, H. Agarwal ¹, V. K. Shukla ¹, M. Yasmin ¹, M. Gupta ¹, J. P. Shukla ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, IN

Abstract

The ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity of binary mixtures of 2-butoxyethanol with PEG200 and PEG 400 were measured at 293, 303 and 313 K over the entire range of composition. Using these experimental data, various thermo-acoustic parameters such as deviation in isentropic compressibility (Δk_s), excess molar isentropic compressibility (K^E_s), excess molar volume (V^E_m) , and molar refractive deviation (ΔR_m) have been calculated and fitted to Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. The deviation / excess parameter were plotted against the mole fraction of 2- butoxyethanol over the whole composition range. The values of (ΔK_s), (V^E_m) and (ΔR_m) are found to be negative and constantly become more negative for mixtures with PEG 400 independently of the solvents. The partial molar isentropic compressibility and excess partial molar isentropic compressibility at infinite dilution have been evaluated. The results of partial molar isentropic compressibility at infinite dilution supports the presence of strong intermolecular interactions between unlike molecules and more pronounced interaction in the mixture of 2-butoxyethanol with PEG 400. The results of density, ultrasonic velocity and refractive index measurement were also fitted to a second order polynomial equation with respect to mole fraction of 2-butoxyethanol.

Keywords

Ultrasonic Velocity, Density, Viscosity, Excess Thermodynamic Parameters.

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Divya Shukla ¹, Shahla Parveen ¹, Manisha Gupta ¹, J. P. Shukla ¹, J. D. Pandey ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, IN
2 Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, IN

Abstract

Refractive indices, viscosity at 298 K, 303 K and 308 K and ultrasonic velocity at 298 K of five binary mixtures of ethyl chloroacetate (ECA) with benzene, toluene, 1,4-dimethyl benzene (p-xylene), 1,3,5-trimethyl benzene (mesitylene), and methoxybenzene (anisole) have been evaluated theoretically using various empirical relations applicable to binary mixtures. Relative merits and interrelation in these mixing rules have been discussed. An excellent agreement has been found between the experimental values with the respective values obtained from the mixing rules. Also, the extended statistical theory of Flory (FST) has been used to predict the surface tension of five binary systems at 298K. The values of surface tension thus obtained have been utilized to compute ultrasonic velocity using Auerbach relation. Theoretical values have been compared with the experimental values. The results have been discussed in terms of average percentage deviation (APD).

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